Verantwortungsvolle Berichterstattung über Suizide: Forschungsüberblick und Empfehlungen für die journalistische Praxis
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Veröffentlicht
Jan. 13, 2021
Antonia Markiewitz
Florian Arendt
Sebastian Scherr
Abstract
Suizide sind ein global relevantes Problem: Der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zufolge sterben jährlich weltweit rund 800.000 Menschen durch Suizid, wobei die Zahl der Suizidversuche noch wesentlich höher liegt. Die Problematik verschärft sich zudem vor dem Hintergrund, dass Suizide vermeidbar sind. Neben wichtigen Faktoren, wie psychischen Erkrankungen oder einschneidenden Lebensereignissen (z.B. Tod, Scheidung, Konkurs), kommt auch den Medien hierbei eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Einerseits können Medien durch prominent platzierte Suizidberichte und detaillierte, sensationsorientierte Suiziddarstellungen zur Erhöhung der Suizidrate in Form von Imitationssuiziden beitragen („Werther-Effekt“). Andererseits können Medien auch präventiv wirken, indem sie verantwortungsvoll über Suizide berichten („Papageno-Effekt“). Auf Basis von Forschungsarbeiten der letzten Jahrzehnte wurden Medienempfehlungen für eine qualitativ hochwertige, verantwortungsvolle Suizidberichterstattung entwickelt. Eine Berücksichtigung dieser Empfehlungen kann erwiesenermaßen negative Werther-Effekte reduzieren und positive Papageno-Effekte begünstigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die bisherige Forschung und zu evidenzbasierten Medienempfehlungen für eine verantwortungsvolle Suizidberichterstattung. Dabei werden folgende Aspekte thematisiert: (1) Die Rolle der Medien im Zusammenhang mit Suiziden, (2) was Journalist*innen bei verantwortungsvoller Suizidberichterstattung beachten sollten und (3) warum die Beachtung dieser Aspekte relevant für die Suizidprävention ist.
Zitationsvorschlag
Markiewitz, Antonia, Florian Arendt, und Sebastian Scherr. 2021. „Verantwortungsvolle Berichterstattung über Suizide: Forschungsüberblick Und Empfehlungen für Die Journalistische Praxis“. MedienJournal 44 (3):50-68. https://doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v44i3.1804.
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Keywords
Suizidberichterstattung, Werther-Effekt, Papageno-Effekt, Qualität in der Berichterstattung, Prävention von Suiziden
References
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